Speed-regulator system



3 Sheets-Sheet 1 I N V E N TO R Wi/fiam f, Menz/les ATTORNEY W. E. MENZIES SPEED REGULATOR SYSTEM Filed Jan. 20, 1922 Nov. 10 1925- WITNESSE Q? 4 Nov. '10, 1925- W. E. MENZIES SPEED REGULATOR SYSTEM Filed Jan. 20, 1922 3 sreets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR W/W/am E, Menzies ATTORNEY W. E. MENZIES SPEED REGULATOR SYSTEM Nov. 10, 1925.

Filed Jan. 20; 1922 s Sheets-Sheet :s

m1 1% um I 'LJFI INVENTOR' W/W/amf, Menzies qgg'lgyEssEit ATTORN EY Patented, Nov. 10,

UNITED STATES PATIENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM n. mnnzms, 'or IRWIN, rnnnsrnvanm, assronon r0 wn'srmonoosn ELECTRIC a mnurac'ruame compan a. conroaa'rron or rannsrnvanm.

SPEED-REGULATOR SYSTEM.

Application filed January 20, 1922. Serial No. 530,708.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM E. MEN- zms, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Irwin, in the county of West- 'moreland and State of Pennsylvania, have .The objector thelpresent invention is toprovide a regulator system of the above-indicated character that shall increase the periodicity of the operations by which the resistor in the motor field circuit is shortcircuited.

A further object of my invention isto provide a systemwhereb the above results may be accomplished with a minimum number of connections for a predetermined number of resistor sections. 7 y

In certain applications of the control system of the above-mentioned copending aps vplication, a conditionmay arise where 1t.

would be desirable to allow a relatively lar e angular displacement of the commutators 1n the control oi? the motor between the extreme conditions of all resistance in circuitand all resistance out of circuit. Under this condition, the periodicity of interruptions about the resistor is low, and there is a tendency towards unstable operation; By

the present invention, the frequency of the interruptions is multiplied, and the resistor is sub-divided to overcome this unstable optherebetween and to the resistor that is 10- cated in the field-magnet-winding circuit of the controlled motor;

Fig. 3 is a development of five commutator devices illustrating the connections therebetween and to the resistor that is located in the field-magnet-winding circuit of the controlled motor; and

Figs. 6*, 6", 7, 7 8, 8 are diagrams illustrating approximately the variations in field-resistor values caused by varying the relative positions of the commutators.

Referring to Fig. 1, onlyone roll of the plurality of rolls comprising a papermill is illustrated, and the present system will be described in connection therewith, since it is mere] duplicated for each ofthe other rolls. R0 1 60 is operated by a motor 61, comprising an armature 62 and a fieldmagnetwindin 63, through gearing 64. A resistor 77 is ocated inthe circuitof the field-magnet winding 63. Al. cone-pulley speed-changer 65 is adapted to be operated in accordance with the speed'of the roll 60,-

throughv gearing 66. A pair of commutator devices 67 and 68 are mounted upon the shaft 69 of the speed-changer 65 to be rotated thereby. The commutator devices.

lurality of sections formed of comprise-a insulator areas. Gooperatmg metallic an with the commutator device 67 are brushes 71, 72 and 73. Co-operating with the com mutator device 68 are brushes 74, 75 and, 76.

The brushes'71 and 74 are respectively connected to opposite terminals or sides of the resistor 77.

A plurality of commutator devices 78, similar in construction to commutator devices 67 and 68 are adapted to be mounted upon the shaft 79 of a constant-speed motor 81, comprising an armature 82 and a. fieldmagnet winding 83. There are as many commutator devices 78 as there are'sets of rolls 60 or driving motors 61..to be regulated. The commutator device 78 has a plurality of brushes 84,85, 86, 87 and 88 cooperating'therewith. Brush 84 is connected to a tap 89, which is adaptedto divide the resistor 77 into two parts. 'Brushes and 860i commutator device 78 are respectively connected to brushes 72 and 73 of commutacircuited is correspondingly varied.

mutator device 78 are respectively connected to brushes 75 and 76 of commutator device 68. The interconnection of the commutator devices and their respective connections to the resistor 77 enable the commutator de vices to intermittently short-circuit said resistor.

In the operation of the above-described system, the commutator device 78 will be rotated at a substantially constant speed. The speed at which the commutator devices 67 and 68 rotate may be varied by means of the speed-changer 65 but is maintained in accordance with the speed of motor 61. As the commutator devices rotate, appropriate circuits are completed to short-circuit the sections of the resistor 77.

Assume that, when the motor 61 is operating at normal speed, the resistor 77 is short-circuited of the time. Then it the speed of the commutator devices 67' and 68 varies from the speed of the associated commutator device 78. the proportion of timethat the resistor 77 is short- Such variation will mean that the resistor 77 will be included in the circuit of the field-magnet winding 63, or excluded therefrom, a greater proportion of time to increase or decrease the speed of the motor 61, and, accordingly, the speed of the rolls 60. As stated above, the angular displacement which may take place between the commutator 78 on the one hand and the commutators 67 and 68 on the other hand is variable in minute degrees between the point at which the resistor 77 is maintained continually in circuit with the field-magnet winding 63 and the point where the resistor 77 is continually excluded from the circuit of the field-magnet winding 63. However, by increasing the number of commutators and sub-dividing the resistor, the

frequency of the resistance variations in the circuit of the field-magnet winding of the controlled motor is multiplied, so that the,

field current does not have an opportunity to approach itsgvalue between such variathe system of the present application will operate to maintain the speed of each motor at its original setting.

Should it be desired to raise or lower the speed of the entire paper-mill, this result may be accomplished by operation of the vary the speed of operation of the commutator devices 78 and, accordingly, raise or lower the speed of operation of the entire paper-mill simultaneously.

The system of F ig. 1 will function to increase the periodicity at which resistance variations occur, by. two times that possible in the system of my copending application above referred to. T 0 further increase this periodicity and also permit larger field currents to be handled, the number of commutators used may be multiplied and the field resistor further sub-divided. Such systems are illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3. In these figures, it has not been deemed necessary to illustrate the complete system of Fig. 1.

In Fig. 2, two commutator devices, respectively comprising annular sections 94 and 95, and 96 and 97 are adapted to be mounted upon the shaft 79 of the constantspeed motor similarly to, and in place of, the single commutator device 78. Main brush 98. and single or small brushes 99, 100, 101 and 102 are adapted to co-operate with the commutator device comprising the sections 94 and 95. Main brush 103, and single brushes 104'and 105 are-adapted to cooperate with the commutator device comprising the sections 96 and 97. r 1

It will be understood that the main brushes are common to both sections of the respective commutator devices. and the single brushes co-operate with the individual sections of the respective commutator devices.

Operatively associated therewith are two commutator devices, respectively comprising annularsections 106 and 107, and 108 and 109, which are adapted to be mounted upon the shaft 69 of the speed-changer 65 in a manner similar to the commutator devices 67 and 68, above described. Commutator sections 106 and 107 have main brush 111, and single brushes 112, 113, 114 and 115 co-operating therewith. Commutator sections 108 and 109 have main brush 116, and single brushes 117 and 118 co-o'perating therewith.

Single brushes 101 and 102 are electrically connected to single brushes 117 and 118 of the opposite set of commutator devices. Single brushes 99 and are electrically connected to single brushes 112 and 113 of the opposite set of commutator devices. It will be here noted that single brushes 112, 113, 117 and 118 are alined, while brushes 99, 100, 101 and 102 of the opposite set ofcommutator devices-are not alined. Single brushes 104 and are electrically connected to single brushes 114 and 115 of the opposite set of commutator devices. However, it will be noted that brushes 99 and 100 are alined with brushes 104 and 105, while the brushes to which they are connected are not alined.

noted that the connected single brushes 101 and 102, and 117 and 118 of the respective sets of commutator devices cooperate with the same commutator sections as the main brushes 98 and 116.

Similarly, mainbrush 103 is connected to tap 121 and main brush 111 is connected to end tap 122 while the electrical connections between the remaining single brushes of the respective sets of commutator devices enable those devices to control the sections of the resistor between taps 119, 122 and 121.

Referring now to Fig. 3, two commutator devices, respectively comprising annular sections 123 and 124, and 125 and 126 are adapted to be mounted upon the shaft 79. Sections 123 and 124 have c'o-operating therewith a main brush 127 and single brushes 128, 129,130 and 131. Sections 125 and 126 have co-operating therewith main brush 132 and single brushes 133, 134, 135 and 136.

Mounted upon the shaft 69 are three commutator devices, respectively comprising sections 137 and 138, 139 and 140, and 141 and 142. Sections 137 and 138 have cooperating therewith main brush 143 and single brushes 144 and 145. Sections 139 and 140 have cooperating therewith main brush 146 and single brushes 147, 148, 149 and 150. Sec-' tions 141 and 142 have co-operating therewith main brush 141 and single brushes 152 and 153.

There are electrical connections between singlebrushes 133 and 134. and 144 and 155 of the respective setsof commutator devices,

also between single brushes 135 and 136, and 147 and 148. and between single brushes 128 and 129, and 149 and 150. and between single brushes 130 and 131, and 152 and 153 of the res ective sets of commutator devices. It will be noted that the respective sets of single brushes are alined, but that the sets are mterconnected to successively control the sections of the resistor 77.

The resistor 77 is here adapted to be di- -vided into four sections by means of taps 154, 155, 156. 157 and 158. Main brush 143 is connected to end tap 154, and main brush 132 is connected to tap 155. Main brush 146 is connected to tap 156. Main brush 132 is connected to tap 157, and main brush 151 is connected to end tap 158.

An inspection of Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawing will indicate that the conducting segments of the various commutators have.

fixed relative positions and also that the single brushes 'oneach .of-these commutators have fixedpositions relative to each other. For example, in the device illustrated in Fig. 1, the conducting segments of commutators 67 and 68 have a fixed phase relation of 90 .while brushes 72, 73, and 76 are in line with each other. Brushes 85 and 86 are in line with each other and displaced 90 with respect to brushes 87 and 88 which are also in line with each other.

In Fig. 2, it will be noted that the conducting-segments of commutator 96, 97 are It will be observed that, in the device illustrated in Fig. 3, the commutator composed of segments 125 and 126 is advanced 90 with respect to the commutator having segments 123, 124 and that the three commutators mounted upon the shaft 69 are successively displaced at phase angles of 45, the commutator composed of segments 141, 142 having a lead 0f 45 ahead of the commutator composed of segments 139, 140 which, in turn, leads the commutator composed of segments 137 and 138 at an angle of 45. It will likewise appear that the brushes 128, 129, 133 and 134 are displaced 45 with respect to brushes 130, 131, 135 and 136 while the brushes'of each set are in line with each other. Similarly, the set of brushes 144, 145, 147 and 148 are advanced 45 with respect to brushes 149. 150, 152 and 153.

The position of the main brush for each commutator is immaterial since the conducting segments of .each commutator are connected to each other so that each main brush is permanently connected to the conducting portion of its co-operating commutator regardless of its position uponthe commutator.

A study of the diagrams of Figs. 6 6", 7, 7", 8 and 8, will give a clearer understanding of the operation of the three forms of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In each of these series of diagrams. the connections between the several brushes are illustrated at the left portion thereof below the commutator develo ments, each brush being shown in line with a-development of its co-opera'ting commutator shown just above the scheme of connection. At the top of each development shaded areas are shown which indicate the durationof time during which the resistor 77 or a-'por tion thereof is in circuit with the motor field. The distance along the diagram from the left to theright indicates'time' I Examiningfirst Figs. 6 6 which represent developments of thecommutator devices illustrated in Fig. 1, under varying phase angles between the shafts 69 and 7 9, and considering first the diagram at the extreme top of Fig. 6, "letus suppose the brushes 87 and 88 at the left of the diagram, then the line of brushes 85, 86, 72, 73, 75, 76, will be at a distance from the left ofthe diagram represented by one-half the length of a conducting strip, which is the permanent spacing of these brushes, and is illustrated by their spacing shown in the scheme of connections below the developments. It will be-seen that, in this position, brushes 85 and 72 are on non-conducting segments of their respective commutators while brushes 86 and 73 are on conducting segments of their respective commutators, thus short circuiting the upper half of resistor 77 from the field circuit through the entire operative cycle of the commutators. It will be seen also that, in this relative position of the commutators. as the brushes move upward along the diagram, the brush 7 5 will pass from a conducting segment to a non-conducting segment of the commutator 68 at the same time that brush 88 passes from a conducting to a non-conducting segment, and also that, at this time, the brush 76 passes from a non-conducting to a conducting segment While the brush 87 passes from a nonconducting to a conducting segment. so that. with the relation of commutators illustrated in the diagram at the extreme left of Fig. 6*, the commutators 68 and 78 would be continuously connected, the connection for onehalf cycle being through brushes 75 and 88 and forthe succeeding half cycle through brushes 76 and 87, thus continuouslv shortcircuiting the lower half of resistor 77.

Considering the diagram next to the extreme top in Fig. 6, in which commutators 67 and 68 are shown advanced with respect to commutator 78, in which position it will be observed, by tracing the circuits through brushes 85. 86, 72 and -73, that, as these brushes advance along the commutator segments, there will be short intervals during each cycle during which no current will fiow either through brushes 85 and 7 2 or through brushes 86 and 73. As these brushes pass from conducting to non-conducting positions 1 on their respective commutators, it will also be observed that, half-way betweenthesednterruptions, there will be an interruption of .circuit through the connections between brushes 75 and 88 and brushes 87 and 76, thus intermittently causing current to flow in the one-half and then in the other half of the resistor 77 for short periods of time,

. as indicated by the shaded portions at the top of each diagram.

With the changing phase angles between, commutators'67 and 68 and the commutator 88, as shownby the successive diagrams from the top to the bottom of Fig. 6, we arrive at a point where either the one-half or the other half of the resistor 77 will be in circuit at all times, and, from that position, following along the various commutator positions shown in the diagrams of'Fig. 6*, we see that the variations will be between the full resistor value and half the resistor value of resistor 77 until the position shown at the extreme bottom of Fig. 6 is reached.

It is believed unnecessary to go into a detailed description of the diagrams disclosed in Figs. 7, 7", 8" and 8 since they are similar to Figs. 6 and 6". In Figs. 7 and 7", we have the scheme of connections illustrated in Fig. 2, using two commutators on each of the shafts 7!) and 69 and having three resistor segments so that, in the first four diagrams of Fig. 7, the resistor variations are between Zero and one-third of the full value. In the last two diagrams of Fig. 7 and the first two diagrams of Fig. 7", the variations are between one-third and two-thirds of the full resistor value, while, in the last three diagrams of Fig. 7 the variations are from two-thirds to the full resistor value.

Again in Figs. 8 and 8*, which diagran'is are for the scheme of connections shown in Fig. 3 in which three commutators are used on the shaft 69 and two commutators on the shaft 79, the resistor is divided into four sections so that the various changes in the resistor value is in steps of one-fourth its full value rather than in steps of one-half or one-third of this Value, as inthe two previous schemes. It will be observed in Figs. 7 and 7 b that the two lines of'brushes are spaced apart a distance of one-third the length of a commutator segment corresponding to the angular displacement of the brushes, as shown in Fig. 2. Similarly, in Figs. 8 and 8 the two lines of brushes are spaced apart a distance of one-fourth the length of a commutator segment corresponding to the angular displacement of the brushes, as shown in Fig. 3.

Froma study of the developed commutator devices and the electrical connections il lustrated, it will be apparent that the sections of the resistor 77 will be periodically and successively short-circuited to thereby regulate the strength of the field-magnet winding 63 of the controlled motor and, hence, the motor speed. The description with reference to. Figs. 2 and 3 has been for one set of rolls of the paper-mill only. In a complete installation, a duplicate set of the commutator devices would be provided upon the shafts 79 and 69 for eachof the propelling motors or roll units of the mill to be controlled.

From the foregoing, a definite law may be deduced governing thgnuniber of commutators, single brushes main. brushes, and

lfli) Wires or conductors between commutator devices to be provided for a given number of be stated as follows:-- I

Let n=the numberof resistor sections e1nployed. Then (n+1) =the number of commutator devices, and

4m=the number of single brushes emp y a and (n+1) :the number of main. brushes employed, and

2n=the number of wires or conductors between commutator devices, disregarding wires between commutator devices and resistor. To carry the above further, let k=a constant for a given motor and voltage. Then and obtains between the recurrence of maximum and m1n1mum values of resistance for stable operations,

and

G =the variation of the value of external resistance in the percentageof the total,

=the average value of voltage that obtains across a resistor section as it. is short-circuited under stable operet conditions,

and

( =the degrees of rotation of the n master commutators between the recurrence of the maximum and minimum values of resistance.

A comparison of the relative performances of the systemsof Fi s. 1, 2 and 3 is schematically illustrated in Figs. 6 to 8 i-nclu sive, the figuresbearing the b designation being continuations of these bearing the a designation. In this com ari'son, it has been assumed that the total va us of the field-circuit resistance is the same in allcases and that all other conditionaas regards the performa'n'ce'of the motor, are identical. It has been further assumed that the commutator devices are running at the same speeds relative to their driving motors in each case. The individual steps between the sections of each figure indicate increments of 18 angular displacement between the respective sets of commutator devices. The shaded portions of each section indicate the period of time that the resistor 77 is excluded from the circuit of the field-magnet winding. Figs.

6 and 6 indicate the action of thesystem of Fig. 1, Figs. 7 and 7 indicate the action of the system of Fig. 2, and Figs. 8 and 8 the action of the system of Fig. 3, as will be evidentfrom the small diagrams that accompany the sets of sections.

lit will be notedthat, in the first section of the respective figures, the resistor 77 is com letely excluded from the circuit of the fiel -magnet winding, and, in the last section of each-oi the figures, the resistor is completely included inv the circuit of the field-magnet winding. The extreme conditions occur when the commutators are displaced from each other 180.

From a comparison of these respective die ems, the smoother action that occurs wit the greater number of commutators employed, will be apparent.

Modifications in t e system and arrangement and location of parts may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention, and such modifications are intended to be covered by the appended claims.

l claimas my invention 1. line. regulator system, the combination with a motor comprlsing an armature and a field-magnet winding, a resistor divided. into (sections by a plurality of taps and located in the circuit of sa1d field-magnet windin' and a coutator device operated by sai motor, ot'a second motor, and a commutator. device operated thereb said commutator devices each having a p urality oi brushes cooperating therewith and re- I spectively connected to sa1d taps and to opposite sides of said resistor.

2. In a regulator system, the combination with a motor having an armature and a field-magnet winding a sectional resistor in circuit with said field-magnet winding, and a commutator device operated by said motor, of a second commutator device, means ada ted to operate said second commutator device, and a plurality of brushes co-operating with said commutator devices and connected to the sections of said resistor in a manner to intermittently short-circuit said sections.

3. In a regulator system, the combination with a motor-having an armature and a field-magnet winding, and a sectional. resistor in circuit with said field-magnet windmg, ofa. plurality of commutator devices h ing a plurality of brushes co-operating therewith and adapted to intermittently complete shunt circuits for the sections of said resistor.

4. In a regulator system, the combination comprising a motor having an armature and a field-magnet windin a sectional resistor in circuit with said eld-magnet winding, commutator means operated by said motor, and constant-speed commutator means 00- operating therewith, said commutator means having a plurality of brushes co-operating therewith and respectively connected to the sections of said resistor, :said first-named commutator means also havin brushes directly connected to brushes 0 said secondnamed means.

5. In a regulator system, the combination with a motor having an armature and a field-ma net winding. and a sectional resistor in clrcuit with said field-magnet winding, of variable-speed commutator means constant-speed commutator means, an means whereby the respective commutator means co-operate to intermittently short ciriuit sections of said resistor in said circu1 6. In a regulator system, the combination with a motor having an armature and a field-magnet winding, and a resistor in circuit with said field-magnet winding, said resistor being divided into sections by a plurality of taps, of a plurality of commutator devices, a number of which are adapted to be rotated at constant speed, and others of which are adapted to be rotated in accordance with the speed of said motor, a plurality of brushes co-operating with said commutator devices and adapted to electrically connect them, and othenbrushes co-operating with said commutator devices and electrically connected'to said taps, the commutator devices co-operating to intermittently short-circuit the individual sections of said resistor to maintain the speed of said motor constant.

7. In a regulator system, the combination with a motor and a sectional resistor in circuit with said motor, of a plurality of and other brushes co-operating with said commutator devices and electrically connected to saidresistor, the commutator devices co-operating to intermittently control the sections of said resistor to maintain the speed of said motor constant.

8. In a regulator system, the combination with a motor. a sectional resistor in circuit with said motor, and a speed-changing device operated thereby, of a plurality of com mutator devices at least one of which is adapted to be operated at constant speed, and a number of which are adapted to be operated in accordance with the operation of said speed-changing device, and a plurality of brushes respectively co-operating with 7 said commutators and electrically connected to the se tions of said resistor, the commutator devices co-operating to intermittently control the individual sections of said resistor to maintain the speed of said motor 7 mittently control the sections of said resistor.

10. In a regulator system, the combination with a motor and a resistor in circuit with said motor comprising a plurality of sections, of a plurality of commutator devices, 1

at least one of which is adapted to be rotated at constant speed, and at least two of which are adapted to be rotated in accordance with the speed of said motor, and means whereby the commutator devices co-operate to intermittently control the sections of said resistor, the sections of said resistor being one less in number than the total of said commutator devices.

11. In a regulator system, the combination with a motor and a sectional resistor in circuit with said motor, of a plurality of commutator devices, at least one of which is adapted to be rotated at constant speed and at least two of which are adapted to be rotated in accordance with the speed of said motor, the relation of commutator devices being preserved, and means whereby the commutator devices co-operate to intermittently control the sections of said resistor, the commutator devices being one more in, number than the sections of said resistor.

12. In a regulator system, the combination comprising a motor having an armature and a field-magnet winding, a resistor in o circuit with said field-magnet winding, said resistor being divided into n sections, and (n+1) commutator deviceselectrically con nected therewith and adapted to intermittently control the sections of said resistor,

said commutator devices having 411. single brushes co-operating therewith, (n+1) main brushes co-operating therewith and 2n conductors connecting said commutator devices.

13; In a regulator system, the combination comprising a motor having an armature and i of the commutator devices being operated afield-magnet winding, a resistor in circuit with said field-magnet winding, said resistor being divided into n sections, and (n+1) commutator devices electrically connected therewith and adapted to intermittently control the sections of said resistor, at least one at constant speed, said commutator devices having 4% single brushes co-operating therewith, (n+1) main brushes co-operating therewith, and 2n conductors connecting said commutator devices.

14. In a regulator system, the combination with a motor having an armature and a field-magnet Winding, and a resistor in circuit with the field-magnetwinding, said resistor being divided into n sections, of (12+ 1) commutator devices, a portion of which is adapted to be rotated at constant speed, and another portion of which is adapted to be rotated in accordance with the speed of said motor, 492 single brushes and (n+1) main brushes co-operating with said commutator devices, 2n conductors connecting said commutator devices, and means whereby the commutator devices co-operate to intermittently control the sections of said resistor to maintain the speed of said motor constant.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 4th day of J anuary 192:2. WILLIAM E. MENZIES. 

